Type 2 Diabetes - How to Manage and Prevent the Symptoms and Complications

Type 2 diabetes is the epidemic that grows with ignorance. A disease that can be completely avoided with a minimal of diet and nutrition education. Most people hardly have the attention or interest to finish their daily news paper, so trawling through countless chapters on vitamins, food groups, bio chemistry etc etc will hardly help and for good reason. The simplest theories work the best.



So, Down to basics.



Type 2 diabetes symptoms and complications. You have more than likely read these a thousand times but lets refresh.



Frequent need for urination



Continual thirst, day and night



Blurred vision



Poor healing



Tiredness



Absolutely no energy



Sticky teeth sensation



There are many more but these are pretty much the main type 2 diabetes symptoms and complications.



Now the real nuts and bolts of this article, how to manage and prevent type 2 diabetes.



The content relating to the above statement is the same for both management and prevention. Obviously, putting this knowledge into action before any signs of type 2 diabetes shows up, will go a long way to ever having to worry about developing the disease. As always, prevention is far better than cue.



Keep carbohydrate intake low, and only eat from the low glycemic index range.



Eat no refined carbohydrates or sugars what so ever.



No altered fats, (hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated oil, no trans fats, no cheap vegetable oil or margarine).



Use healthy un spoiled plant and nut based fats and oils.



Include omega 3 in your diet



No deep fried foods.



No eating past 5-6 pm.



Eat plenty of different coloured fresh veg.



Eat only good quality

Type 2 diabetes in older people-symptoms, treatments and complications

While type 2 diabetes affects younger people more often in the elderly. People are not always aware that they suffer from diabetes until rise for a routine check. The medical site for Mayo Clinic maintains that only in United States there are more than 6 million people who are not aware that they are diabetic.



Diabetes symptoms



-Weight gain or weight loss that has no other cause can be a sign of diabetes.
-Diabetics found that are always hungry.
-Frequent urination is another possible sign of diabetes.
-Blurred vision may be a symptom, but can also be an issue related eye disease.
-Some diabetics find that wounds tend to heal more slowly than normal.



Who is at risk?



-Being overweight is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
-Inactive are at greater risk. Inactive people also tend to take weight easier and can become overweight or obese.
-Age is one of the other major risk factors and most probably because older people may be less active and gain weight easier.
-A family history of diabetes may increase your risk.



Complications associated with type 2 diabetes



-Diabetes can damage the delicate filtering system of the kidneys and if diabetes is left untreated it can lead to kidney failure.
-Eye Damage that can lead to blindness are also associated with diabetes.
-Diabetes can increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease, can lead to amputation of the foot or leg, increase the risk of osteoporosis or result in blood vessel and heart disease.



Treatments



-Blood sugar should be monitored regularly. Must be checked daily or several times a week. Your doctor will inform you about the procedure. It is essential to assist the elderly, especially if they tend to be forgetful or cannot manage alone.
-Healthy nutrition is very important and the elderly should also assisted with this if necessary.
-Regular exercise will help you lose weight or prevent weight gain.
-Insulin oral medications or Therapy may be prescribed. Some people may be enough to make the modifications necessary lifestyle while others will be needed both medication that lifestyle changes.



Diabetes can be a death sentence, if it is not checked, but if diagnosed quickly and kept under the elderly do not experience serious side effects.

Diabetes Treatment for Systemic Complications

The presence of high sugar levels characteristic of diabetes mellitus in the blood leads to formation of plaques in almost all blood vessels of the body. Because of this, the function of blood vessels of supplying blood to different organs of the body is impeded - thus, the manifestation of the various systemic complications of the disease. Because of this, diabetes treatment is complex and varied.



Usually, the recommended treatment is geared toward solving a particular complication, therefore, differs from person to person. The below items are the possible diabetes treatment options geared at remedying, if not delaying, the fatal effects of a particular complication:



1) Reduced or absence of insulin production. Oral anti-diabetic drugs such as sulfonylurea are initially prescribed. When they fail to control blood sugar levels, insulin replacement therapy is initiated. In severe cases, oral and IRT is combined with oral drugs taken in the morning and insulin injected at bedtime.



2) Stroke. Blood glucose levels are routinely checked. Fast acting carbohydrate sources are avoided because they contribute to stroke. Aspirin is usually indicated and patients are monitored for bleeding.



3) Heart attack. Blood pressure is routinely monitored. Drugs such as oral nitrates, beta-blockers, and calcium-channel blockers are prescribed.



4) Death of tissues. Integrity of tissues is checked daily for presence of lesions and pulse as well as changes in skin color. Keeping the skin clean with the use of mild antiseptics is recommended as part of the daily hygiene measures. Antibiotics are also prescribed.



5) Retinopathy. Activities that increase eye pressure are avoided such as lifting of heavy weights, bending down, and others. For treatment of the disease, laser therapy is indicated to prevent further growth of new blood vessels, thereby, preventing hemorrhage.



6) Nephropathy. Intake of sodium and protein is reduced. Drugs such as angiotensin-converting enzyme for diabetes treatment are prescribed for reduction of blood pressure, which leads to death of renal cells.

Diabetes Mellitus Chronic Complications - What is Diabetic Retinopathy?

Diabetes is chronic disease which affects the major organs of the body, including the eye leading to diabetic retinopathy. The retina is the innermost layer of the eye and it is the part of the eye that is primarily affected in diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy causes about 12,000 -24000 new cases of blindness in the United States alone and it is the leading cause of blindness amongst adults aged between20-74 years. It will affect most people with diabetes, the risk increases with the length of diabetes, the longer the diabetes, the higher the risk. Diabetic retinopathy leads to visual impairment and if not treated it leads to blindness, but loss of vision is preventable and treatable if managed in a timely manner.



Symptoms
Diabetic retinopathy progresses slowly without any noticeable symptom and the first symptom may be a severe vision limiting event.



Predisposing factors
-Long duration of disease
-Poor glucose sugar control
-Increased blood pressure
-High serum lipid concentration
-Pregnancy
-Anemia
-Kidney disease



Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy
In type 2 diabetes examination of the eye by an eye doctor{ophthalmologist} must be done first at diagnosis and then subsequently once every year. In type1 examination after 12 years of age and it must be done 3-5 years after diagnosis. The retinal examination is done with an opthalmoscope.



Management
The key to successful management is prevention.
Interventions are most useful when they are carried out early in the disease, before severe retinal damage is done. Management involves:



a} good glucose control
b} control of lipids
c} control of blood pressure
d} surgical treatment: laser photocoagulation and vitrectomy are 2 different eye surgeries that can be used to treat it.



Diabetes mellitus can also lead to other chronic complications which a diabetic also needs to be aware of.

Diabetes Complications - Ayurvedic Herbal Treatment

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in which there is inadequate metabolism of glucose in the blood because of a reduced production of insulin. This results in excessive glucose in the blood which has an adverse effect on the entire body. Diabetes mellitus results in complications which affect the heart, kidneys, eyes, gums, nerves, skin, extremities, gastrointestinal system and the brain. This article deals with the Ayurvedic treatment of different complications resulting from diabetes.



Diabetes carries an increased risk of heart attack and stroke because of an increased tendency for atherosclerosis. Medicines use to treat this condition are: Triphala-Guggulu, Medohar-Guggulu, Panch-Tikta-Ghrut-Guggulu, Arogya-Vardhini, Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Behada (Terminalia bellerica), Sunthi (Zinziber officinalis), Marich (Piper nigrum), Pippali (Piper longum), Lashuna (Allium sativum), Psyllium (Plantago ovata), Kutki (Picrorrhiza kurroa) and Guggulu (Commiphora mukul). These medicines need to be given on a long term basis and are very useful in reducing cholesterol, lipids and atherosclerosis.



Diabetes can cause inflammation and damage to the kidneys, resulting in nephropathy and kidney failure in the long run. In order to prevent renal damage and failure, medicines like Gokshuradi-Guggulu, Punarnavadi-Guggulu, Chandraprabha-Vati, Gomutra-Haritaki, Gokshur (Tribulus terrestris), Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia), Saariva (Hemidesmus indicus), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa), Bhrungraj (Eclipta Alba), Shilajit (Purified bitumen), Apamarga (Achyranthus aspera), Deodar (Cedrus deodara) and Patol (Tricosanthe dioica) are used.



Diabetic retinopathy can lead to early blindness. In order to prevent or reduce this risk, medicines like Punarnavadi-Guggulu, Saptamrut-Loh, Triphala-Ghrut, Panch-Tikta-Ghrut-Guggulu, Haridra (Curcuma longa), Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus), Yashtimadhuk (Glycerrhiza glabra), Mandukparni (Centella asiatica), Saariva and Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) are used.



Diabetes affects the central nervous system by disturbing the blood supply to the nerves, thereby causing inflammation and damage to the nerves. This can be prevented or treated using medicines like Tapyadi-Loh, Ekang-Veer-Ras, Dashmoolarishta, Vish-Tinduk-Vati, Yashtimadhuk, Kuchla (Strychnos nuxvomica) and Nirgundi (Vitex negundo). This pathology also affects the gastrointestinal system, manifesting as alternating diarrhea and constipation or abdominal distention. Medicines used to treat these symptoms are: Kutaj-Parpati, Panchamrut-Parpati and Suvarna-Parpati.



People with diabetes are more prone to skin diseases and injury to the extremities, specially the feet. This can be prevented using medicines like Arogya-Vardhini, Maha-Manjishthadi-Qadha, Gandhak-Rasayan and Panch-Tikta-Ghrut-Guggulu. Adequate hygiene needs to be maintained and wounds need to be treated properly till they heal completely. Chronic depression is another common problem related to diabetes which can be treated using medicines like Laxmi-Vilas-Ras, Shrung-Bhasma, Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) and Vacha (Acorus calamus). Maintenance of oral hygiene is important and medicines like Bakul (Aconitum ferox), Kattha (Acacia catechu), Lavang (Carophyllus aromaticus), Supari (Areca catechu) and Elaichi (Elettaria cardamomum) are used to keep the gums clean and reduce inflammation and infection.



Needless to say, all the above mentioned medicines can have maximum therapeutic effect only if there is an adequate control of diabetes mellitus. Medicines like Haridra, Amalaki, Mamejva (Enicostemma littorale), Gudmar (Gymnema Sylvester) and Vijaysaar (Pterocarpus marsupium) can be used for this purpose.

Type 2 Diabetes in Elderly People - Symptoms, Complications and Treatments

While Type 2 diabetes is affecting more and more younger people it still occurs more in the elderly. People are not always aware that they suffer from diabetes until they go for a routine check up. The medical website for Mayo Clinic claims that in the United States alone there are more than six million people who are not aware of the fact that they are diabetic.



Symptoms of Diabetes



- Weight gain or weight loss that has no other cause can be a sign of diabetes.
- Diabetic people find that they are thirstier than always.
- Frequent urination is another possible sign of diabetes.
- Blurred vision can be a symptom but it can also be an eye disease related problem.
- Some diabetic people find that wounds tend to heal slower than normal.



Who is at Risk?



- Overweight is the primary risk factor for Type 2 diabetes.
- Inactive people are at greater risk. Inactive people also tend to pick up weight easier and can become overweight or obese.
- Age is one of the other main risk factors and most probably because older people might be less active and gain weight easier.
- A family history of diabetes can increase the risk.



Complications Associated with Type 2 Diabetes



- Diabetes can damage the delicate filtering system of the kidneys and if diabetes is left untreated it can lead to kidney failure.
- Eye damage that can lead to blindness is also associated with diabetes.
- Diabetes can increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease, can lead to foot or leg amputation, increase the risk of osteoporosis or lead to blood and heart vessel disease.



Treatments



- Blood sugar levels must be monitored regularly. This must be checked daily or several times a week. Your doctor will inform you about the procedure. It is essential to assist older people with this, especially if they tend to be forgetful or can't manage it by themselves.
- Healthy eating is very important and older people should also be assisted with this if necessary.
- Regular exercise will help to loose weight or prevent weight gain.
- Oral medication or insulin therapy might be prescribed. Some people might only need to make the necessary lifestyle changes while other will need both medication and lifestyle changes.



Diabetes can be a death sentence if it is not controlled, but if it is quickly diagnosed and kept under control older people won't experience serious side effects.

Diabetes Symptoms - Guide in Preventing Complications

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a condition wherein the body cannot regulate the amount of sugar especially the glucose in the blood. There are two types of diabetes the type I and the type II. What are the diabetes symptons, and what are the things that we need to do to avoid having diabetes mellitus? What are the procedures we can do to detect or to check if we are at risk or carrier of diabetes mellitus?



We classified diabetes as type I if the body stops producing insulin or produces too little insulin to regulate blood glucose level. It comprises about 10% of total cases of diabetes. Type I is typically recognized in childhood or adolescence, this is what we called juvenile-onset diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Type I diabetes mellitus is usually occur in an individual this is because of the destruction of pancreas b alcohol, disease, or removal by surgery. It can also be the result of progressive failure of the pancreatic beta cells-producer of insulin. In type II diabetes, this is the state wherein the pancreas secretes insulin but our body is unable to use that insulin. This is what we called insulin resistance. Our body tries to overcome the resistance by secreting more and more insulin. A person can develop diabetes type II if they have insulin resistance and they do not continue to secrete enough insulin to cope with the higher demands.



What are the diabetes symptons, for type 1 is often dramatic and come very suddenly it is usually recognized in childhood or early adolescence, it is often associated with an illness like virus or urinary tract infection and also injury. The extra stress can cause diabetic ketoacidosis which includes nausea and vomiting. If the ketoacidosis will not be treated it can lead to coma and death. For type 2 the diabetes symptons are often subtle and may be attributed to aging or obesity. In type II you can have diabetes without even knowing it, they can develop hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic symdrome. It can be precipitated by steroid and stress. If those diabetes symptons not be properly treated, it can lead to complications like blindness, kidney failure, heart disease and nerve damage. There are also major diabetes symptons for both major types of diabetes:



- Fatigue



- Unexplained weight loss



- Excessive thirst (polydipsia)



- Excessive urination(polyuria)



- Excessive eating (polyphagia)



- Poor wound healing



- Infections



- Altered mental status



- Blurry vision



We need to seek for medical care if we see anyone having any diabetes symptons. Check up to the doctor is a very good way in this kind of disease because early detection is the best key for further damage.



The procedures that doctors usually do with the patient having diabetes is monitoring blood sugar by means of blood test. A number of laboratory test are performed to confirm the diagnosis of diabetes. Procedures includes are:



-Finger stick blood glucose



-Fasting plasma glucose



-oral glucose tolerance test



-Glycosylated hemoglobin or hemoglobin A1c



Those are the procedure that can be done to test your blood for glucose level. This is done for early detection and monitoring your blood sugar. Knowing the predisposing factors is very important especially the diabetes symptoms because it can lead to more complicated situation and more serious health condition if not be treated properly.

Importance of Screening For Diabetes and it's Associated Complications

Diabetes has become a major health threat to the whole world; indeed, the greatest increase will be contributed by India, which has already been declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the country with the largest number of diabetics in the world. Diabetes is frequently not diagnosed until complications appear, and approximately one third of all people with diabetes may be undiagnosed, though diagnosed many people are not aware of their condition.



Late detection of diabetes often means that at the time of diagnosis complications have already damaging the eyes, kidneys and nerves. These complications are costly in the physical, financial and psychosocial sense. Early detection and treatment of diabetes may not only improve glycemic control, but also improves blood pressure and lipids.
Who should be screened? In general all adults should be screened at regular intervals
o Family history of diabetes (i.e., parents or siblings with diabetes)
o Overweight (Body Mass Index >25 kg/m2)
o Age >45 years
o Previously identified impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)
o Hypertension (>140/90 mmHg)
o Hyperlipidemia (HDL - 250 mg/dL or both)
o History of gestational diabetes or delivery of a baby over 9 lb (4.1 kg) (ADA -Diabetes Care 2004)



What are the Screening test for Diabetes



Fasting Plasma Glucose: The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test is the standard test for diabetes. It is a simple blood test taken after eight hours of fasting. The FPG test is not always reliable, so a repeat test is recommended if the initial test suggests the presence of diabetes.



Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: The glucose tolerance test may be more accurate than the FPG in certain groups (e.g., women with a history of gestational diabetes). The test uses the following procedures: I) after an overnight fast Fasting Plasma Glucose test is performed. ii) After this test a person receives 75 g of glucose (100 g for pregnant women) blood samples are taken every half an hour {(fasting-30mts-60mts-90mts-120mts-(five times)} to measure the blood glucose. It not only helps in detecting diabetes but also help to detect the pre-diabetic status, Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) & Impaired Glucose
Tolerance (IGT))



Is it important to detect pre-diabetic stage? Yes! Because it is "preventable"
Criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus



Normal DIABETES



Symptoms of diabetes + Random plasma glucose o Blood pressure check up, regular at every visit for Hypertension (High blood pressure) - should be 40
o An electrocardiogram (ECG), that provides information about the status of heart
o Chest X ray, information about the lungs and shape of the heart and vascular system (aorta and blood vessels)
o Carotid Intima-media Thickness (IMT), marker of early atherosclerosis



Diabetic Nephropathy (Kidney Damage): Person with diabetes are several times more prone to kidney disease than the general population. The earliest manifestation of kidney damage is microalbuminuria, (tiny amounts of protein called albumin are found in the urine). Symptoms include Protein in the urine, High blood pressure, burning during urination, frequent urination, puffiness and swelling around the eyes, hand & feet, excessive itching, nausea, vomiting & weakness.



About 20% of type 2 patients show evidence of microalbuminuria upon diagnosis of diabetes, however, only a small percentage of type-2 diabetics eventually develops kidney disease. Microalbuminuria typically shows up in type 2 diabetics who have high blood pressure. Normal: 15yrs will develop diabetic retinopathy in their lifetime.
Who are more prone to Diabetic retinopathy? : Uncontrolled blood sugar, longstanding diabetes, Hypertension with diabetes & Genetic predisposition.



What are the stages of retinopathy? : Mild non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), Moderate-non proliferative diabetic retinopathy, severe retinopathy, Maculopathy and Proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Treatment: Retinopathy can be treated through laser photocoagulation. Screening test: Patients with diabetes should have an initial dilated and comprehensive eye examination by an ophthalmologist or optometrist right from the day of diagnosis of diabetes and every year thereafter. Early detection, timely treatment, appropriate screening and care reduce the risk of vision loss & 90% of diabetes related blindness.



All patients should be regularly screened for risk factors and encouraged at each health care visit to pursue a healthy lifestyle that includes a healthy diet, adequate exercise, weight control and stress reduction. 'Try for good control to be sure, but don't try for perfection. Perfection lasts for a moment, and diabetes lasts a lifetime'. The main theme is to be focus on to 'live a Healthy Life Despite Diabetes'.

What Are 3 Short Term Complications Of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a disease produced by insufficient insulin or insulin resistance. There are mainly two types of complications of diabetes. Short Term Complications and long term complications. Here we will discuss short term complications of diabetes.



Short Term Complications



Hypoglycaemia



Hyperosmolar NonKetotic Coma



Ketoacidosis



Hypoglycaemia Causes:



Hypoglycaemia is seen when patient's blood glucose level falls too low. The causes of hypoglycaemia are



1-Insufficient intake of meal, specially after taking glucose lowering drugs or insulin.



2-Excessive dose of Insulin or Sulphonylureas may cause hypoglycaemia as well.



3-Excessive exercise can also lead to hypoglycaemia specially those who are on antidiabetic drugs. By doing exercise glucose goes into cells and glucose level in blood decreases.



Hypoglycaemia Symptoms:



Whenever hypoglycaemia occurs, patient can have symptoms like palpitations, feeling shaky, sweating, tingling in the lips, going pale, heart pounding, rapid pulse rate, anxiety, confusion and irritability. These are just warning signs, however if we will not treat hypoglycaemia then patient can lead to coma and even death can occur.



What to do if Hypoglycaemia occurs:



If you are in a hospital and your nurse or doctor find out that you are in hypoglycaemia, then most probably you will be injected with 25% dextrose water 5 ampules depending upon your blood glucose level. At home, hypoglycaemia can be treated simply by taking some sweet juice like orange juice or glucose containing tablets. If patient goes to coma stage then intramuscular injection of GLUCAGON may help. Glucagon is a hormone that raises blood glucose level. So it is necessary that if you are traveling or going outside, must take your glucagon kit with you. Family and friends should be taught how to inject Glucagon, as patient is already unconscious and can not take it himself. If patient becomes unconscious never try to put food or drink in his mouth as it may lead to choking. If you are on insulin and taking alcohol, there are great chances of going into hypoglycaemia as body will be unable to produce glucose rapidly. It is suggested that man on insulin should take 3 units of alcohol and women should take 2 units. Moreover while drinking, you should always eat something.



What is Ketoacidosis, Definition of ketoacidosis



Ketosis is the accumulation of ketone bodies (produced by breakdown of fat) in the blood and Acidosis is increased acidity of the blood, i.e PH of blood decreases. It is a serious condition that can also lead to coma. Usually seen in type 1 diabetic patients, may also appear in type 2 diabetes specially older patients. Diabetic acidosis is often initiated by an infection like Urinary track infection or chest infection.



Pathophysiology and causes of Diabetic Kitoacidosis:



Usually we see DKA when you miss doses of insulin, as a result blood glucose level will rise, and body cells will start burning fat which leads to production of ketone bodies and acidosis.At the same time, the high secretion of glucose into the urine causes dehydration due to loss of water and salts. Ketoacidosis occurs when cells of body can not fulfilled their metabolic demand in absence of sufficient glucose. Instead, cells start getting energy by breakdown of fatty acids which results in formation of ketone bodies. PH of body will become acidic and body will try to eliminate acids by increasing rate and depth of acids.



Symptoms and signs of ketoacidosis:



Tiredness Fruity smell to breath like nail polish remover Increase thirst Polyuria increase urination. Weight-loss. Oral Thrush Muscle wasting. Aggression Confusion Agitation Irritation Emesis (vomiting), Abdominal pain. Loss of appetite. Flu-like symptoms. Lethargy and apathy. Patients breathe more deeply and rapidly. Unconsciousness (diabetic coma) after prolonged DKA.



Prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis



If you are ill and having an infection, always remember your body will need more insulin in such conditions, so try to increase your insulin dose during infectious illness, but before taking insulin should always check your blood glucose level. Keep tight control of your blood sugar level by regularly checking it with glucometer. Whenever you feel unwell, just check your blood glucose level. If you ever find that blood glucose is high, then go for your urine examination for presence of ketone bodies. You should always have ketone measuring urine strips at home.



Diabetic acidosis is often seen in stomach infection Gastritis, as you think that less insulin is needed if you are having symptoms of gastritis like nausea vomiting and reduced eating and this insufficient insulin may lead to acidosis.



How do you know if you have diabetic acidosis?



The diagnosis is made by: Always measure blood glucose - It is always high in diabetic ketoacidosis. Urine examination for ketone bodies a blood sample taken from an artery - it is done in the hospital and measures the PH of the blood. Doctor will also perform tests to rule out any infection.



How to treat diabetic ketoacidosis.



This condition usually requires hospital admission. Treatment consists of: Intravenous salt fluids like NaCl, KCl etc Insulin is given via intravenous drips. potassium supplements added to the infusion If infection is present then antibiotics are also added.



Prognosis is quit good, if diabetic ketoacidosis is diagnosed and treated earlier, patient usually recovers within few days, however if acidosis is not treated earlier, it may become life threatening.



Hyperosmolar nonketotic Coma



Diabetic Coma in Type 2 Diabetes Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma is a serious complication seen in type 2 diabetes patients with severe infection or stress. Diabetic coma is seen when blood glucose level becomes too high and there is severe dehydration. Unlike ketoacidosis which is usually seen in type 1 diabetes, in hyperosmolar stage we dont see any ketones in body and urine, and there is no acidosis. Diabetic hyperosmolar coma is usually seen in diabetic patients older than 60 years as they have altered sense of being thirsty and are more likely to become severely dehydrated. If there is severe loss of water from body, it can lead to shock, syncopy, coma and death



What are Causes of Diabetic Coma?



Severe Infection UTI, respiratory tract infection, bacterial meningitis,retropharyngeal abscess, hepatobiliary sepsis. Noncompliance with diet or insulin therapy Heart attack Renal failure Drugs (diuretics, steroids, phenytoin, รŸ -blockers, calcium channel blockers) Fever Illness Bleeding ulcer Blood clot hyperglycaemia Trauma CVA Pancreatitis



Symptoms of Hyperosmolar Coma:



Symptoms of hyperosmolar coma are produced due to hyperglycaemia and dehydration. Increased urination Increased thirst Severe Weakness Drowsiness Altered mental status Headache Restlessness Inability to speak Paralysis If you have any of these signs and symptoms, check your blood glucose and call your doctor if your blood glucose is high. Diabetic hyperosmolar coma typically seen when blood glucose increases to 600 mg/dL or more.



What are laboratory findings of Diabetic Coma patient.



o Severe hyperglycaemia (> 500mg/dl)



o Plasma hyperosmolality



o urea:creatinine ratio increased



o Secondary glycosuria



o Absence of significant ketoacidosis o Metabolic acidosis absent or mild



How Is Diabetic Coma Treated? It is an emergency situation, and should be treated immediately. Patient should be hospitalised. Treatment goals are to treat hyperglycaemia with insulin and treat dehydration with intravenous fluids. Infection can be treated with antibiotics.



How to prevent diabetic coma? Monitor and Check your blood glucose regularly, as recommended by your doctor Check your blood glucose every four hours when you are suffering from any infection. Take special care of yourself when you are having severe illness.



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Diabetes and You, Part One - Causes, Symptoms and Complications

The symptoms of diabetes are frequently dismissed because they seem harmless. You may be thirsty more of the time, and have an increase of urine output. You could lose weight unexpectedly, be easily fatigued and have frequent infections. All of these are signs of diabetes.



There are two types; type one is a complete inability to secrete insulin, and usually strikes children and young adults. The cause is unknown, but may be an immunodeficiency illness. The islet cells in the pancreas are destroyed, and cannot produce this hormone necessary for processing blood sugar. The symptoms for type one are unusual thirst, increased urination, weight loss, fatigue, irritability, extreme hunger, fatigue and irritability.



Many people believe type two diabetes is caused by eating sweets, but that's not precisely true. Two of the main causes are obesity and lack of exercise. In this case, the pancreas may produce some insulin, but either it doesn't produce enough or the body loses its ability to use it. The latter is called insulin resistance.



The symptoms for type two include all of those for type one, but there are some additions. An increased number of infections, particularly of skin, gum or bladder is one sign. Blurred vision, tingling in the hands and feet can occur as well as an increase of the time it takes to recover from a wound or bruise.



If the disease is diagnosed early, it is easier to put off or even prevent some of the complications that can come up. Diabetes can cause blindness, destroy the kidneys and cause wounds that won't heal. Sometimes, those wounds get so bad an amputation is necessary. It can affect the nerves, causing pain signals to be sent to your brain even though there is no injury. High blood pressure, heart disease and strokes are also possible.



In the next article, I will discuss the treatments often used, dietary concerns and herbs that may...and may not...be used by diabetics. One quick hint; three major double blind clinical trials have been done on one herbal remedy....and the conclusion thus far is that it works.

Diabetes in Children - Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Complications

Most children around the world today are having diabetes type I. However, several young adults and children being affected by diabetes type II are now starting to rise especially in America. It is greatly considered that occurrence of diabetes is the outcome of hereditary characteristics activated by environmental features like exercises and diets. Inactive lifestyle and very bad diet are the usual causes of diabetes type II among young adults and children.



The following signs can be seen in children as warnings that there is development of diabetes: thirst, loss of weight, tiredness and frequent urination. Among children, particular signs may include headaches, stomach aches and problems in behavior. Recurring pain in the stomach and history of illness that is unexplainable must be cured immediately because they are indications of diabetes.



Most children having diabetes are being referred to regional specialist on diabetes. The patients are very well taken cared of in the hospital. The only particular means of diabetes treatment in kids is through insulin. Normally a care team of diabetes will make a plan regarding insulin regimen suitable to individual behavior and necessities of a child.



Rapid-acting insulin must be administered usually at day time and slow-acting dose of insulin must be given at night. The most common treatment among children is through insulin pumps. Occasionally, in the early period after diagnosis, little kids need an extremely small dosage of insulin; however, the doses will change as children grow larger and older. Excellent control on glucose is important in managing all conditions in diabetes.



Treatment of diabetes type II in kids depends wholly on the extent of the development of the condition. It can be probably treated with a sudden change in lifestyle incorporated with exercise and healthier diets.



Parents Responsibility



Dealing with diabetic child is as difficult for the parents as just it was for the child with diabetes. There will be a lot of things that are to be considered and it includes on how the parents will take care of their child, the possible social or psychological problems which the child can experience resulting from diabetes and the cost of care for the child. Observing the blood sugar levels of the child, keeping away from low blood sugar and high blood sugars can be the biggest part of a parent who has a child with diabetes.



Parents should have awareness that their child with diabetes has certain diet restrictions; their levels of activity must be monitored and observed closely. From the start and all the way through the duration of diabetes, this disease can be a severe tension. Initially, the process of managing and treating a child with diabetes is very complicated. Parents should understand on how diabetes has affected their child so that parents can be adoptable and be patient with the process. That is very important for managing the diabetes successfully.

Diabetes Symptoms and Possible Complications

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrinal condition which is associated with abnormalities in blood sugar and insulin. It has two types. Type I is referred to as insulin dependent diabetes caused by insufficient amounts of insulin needed to efficiently regulate blood sugar. Type II is referred to as insulin resistant diabetes because the body has developed resistance to the insulin resulting into inefficient thereof.



Common diabetes symptoms for both types include fatigue, unexplained weight loss, excessive and unusual thirst, excessive and frequent urination, increased appetite leading to excessive eating, poor healing of wounds, manifestation of inflammations and infections, blurred vision, and altered mental status in some cases.



Fatigue, one of the diabetes symptoms, causes the body to be inactive and as such the stored glucose is not used properly. It results into fat metabolism which causes the body to feel tired and exhausted. Unexplained weight loss results from the inability of the body to process the food taken. An apparent weight loss may occur even though the person is either eating appropriately or excessively.



Excessive thirst and frequent urination are two interconnected symptoms. Due to the high level of sugar in the blood stream, the kidney is pressured to excrete excess sugar through urine, which makes a diabetic person to have increased urination frequency. Because high amount of water is flushed out of the body every time urine is excreted, there is a need to replenish it and the brain counteracts this and interprets it as thirst.



Poor healing of wounds is one of the more serious diabetes symptoms. The high level of blood sugar interferes with the white blood cells which defend the body against viruses and bacteria, and with the cleaning and regeneration of dead cells and tissue. This results into longer periods of time for wounds to heal. The wounds also become more prone to infections. The manifestations of infections like yeast infections in the genitals, skin infections, as well as urinary tract infection, are also symptoms of diabetes.



Due to the presence of high level of sugar in the blood, it becomes a catalyst for bacteria to grow, causing these infections. Although the connection of blurred vision is still unclear, the symptom is commonly present in persons with high level of blood sugar. Altered mental status evident with attention, memory and cognitive deficits is also a symptom of diabetes. It is of high significance to seek professional help if any of these diabetes symptoms, especially alteration of mental state shows.



Ignoring the diabetes symptoms, even the simplest of them can lead to more serious medical conditions, such as complications. Some of the known complications are nausea and vomiting, high degrees of fever, ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome, large sores on feet and legs, skin lacerations, chest pains, and abdominal pain.



These complications particularly chest pain and abdominal pain can also lead to heart attacks, abdominal aortic aneurysm, appendicitis, perforated ulcer, bowel obstructions, as well as kidney and gall bladder problems. Therefore, at the first time you notice that you or someone in your family possess the previously mentioned symptoms, it is apt to immediately seek medical advice. In this way, you can prevent diabetes and its complications from ruining your life.

Diabetes Symptoms and Possible Complications

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrinal condition which is associated with abnormalities in blood sugar and insulin. It has two types. Type I is referred to as insulin dependent diabetes caused by insufficient amounts of insulin needed to efficiently regulate blood sugar. Type II is referred to as insulin resistant diabetes because the body has developed resistance to the insulin resulting into inefficient thereof.



Common diabetes symptoms for both types include fatigue, unexplained weight loss, excessive and unusual thirst, excessive and frequent urination, increased appetite leading to excessive eating, poor healing of wounds, manifestation of inflammations and infections, blurred vision, and altered mental status in some cases.



Fatigue, one of the diabetes symptoms, causes the body to be inactive and as such the stored glucose is not used properly. It results into fat metabolism which causes the body to feel tired and exhausted. Unexplained weight loss results from the inability of the body to process the food taken. An apparent weight loss may occur even though the person is either eating appropriately or excessively.



Excessive thirst and frequent urination are two interconnected symptoms. Due to the high level of sugar in the blood stream, the kidney is pressured to excrete excess sugar through urine, which makes a diabetic person to have increased urination frequency. Because high amount of water is flushed out of the body every time urine is excreted, there is a need to replenish it and the brain counteracts this and interprets it as thirst.



Poor healing of wounds is one of the more serious diabetes symptoms. The high level of blood sugar interferes with the white blood cells which defend the body against viruses and bacteria, and with the cleaning and regeneration of dead cells and tissue. This results into longer periods of time for wounds to heal. The wounds also become more prone to infections. The manifestations of infections like yeast infections in the genitals, skin infections, as well as urinary tract infection, are also symptoms of diabetes.



Due to the presence of high level of sugar in the blood, it becomes a catalyst for bacteria to grow, causing these infections. Although the connection of blurred vision is still unclear, the symptom is commonly present in persons with high level of blood sugar. Altered mental status evident with attention, memory and cognitive deficits is also a symptom of diabetes. It is of high significance to seek professional help if any of these diabetes symptoms, especially alteration of mental state shows.



Ignoring the diabetes symptoms, even the simplest of them can lead to more serious medical conditions, such as complications. Some of the known complications are nausea and vomiting, high degrees of fever, ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome, large sores on feet and legs, skin lacerations, chest pains, and abdominal pain.



These complications particularly chest pain and abdominal pain can also lead to heart attacks, abdominal aortic aneurysm, appendicitis, perforated ulcer, bowel obstructions, as well as kidney and gall bladder problems. Therefore, at the first time you notice that you or someone in your family possess the previously mentioned symptoms, it is apt to immediately seek medical advice. In this way, you can prevent diabetes and its complications from ruining your life.

Complications of Feline Diabetes

Feline diabetes can have many complications. Skin problems, liver and kidney damage, weakness in your kitty's legs, and an increased risk of infections are possible. It's important to monitor your furry friend's blood sugar levels carefully every day to prevent these problems.



Your kitty develops this disease when his pancreas either doesn't produce enough insulin, or when his body doesn't use insulin efficiently. The lack of insulin causes his body to start breaking down his own fat and protein for energy, instead of the starches and carbohydrates in his food. This causes him to lose weight, even though he's eating more. His body tries to flush out the extra sugar in his blood by making him drink more, and this leads to increased urination.



Feline diabetes, if not treated, will certainly shorten your friend's lifespan. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially fatal condition that's caused when your kitty's body uses his fat for energy. The result is that acids called ketones are produced. When they circulate in the blood, ketones cause loss of appetite, nausea, and lethargy.



DKA is often a result of undiagnosed diabetes. This is an emergency, and your furry friend needs immediate veterinary care with IV fluids to stabilize him. Diabetic neuropathy in cats may be an early sign of this disease in your kitty. It can also show up in later stages. Weakness in his back legs is a result of nerve damage caused by high blood glucose levels. Your kitty will walk or stand with his hocks (the "elbows" of his back legs) touching the ground.



If your buddy had this disease for a long time before it was controlled, he may lose some function in his back legs, due to the nerve damage. But sometimes the weakness in his legs is called by muscle wasting from disuse. In this case, exercise is helpful, and it can reduce his dependence on insulin.



Hepatic lipidosis is a liver disease that is a serious complication. Overweight kitties seem to develop this problem more often. When your buddy stops eating for whatever reason, his body starts using his fat for energy. If too much fat is broken down, it builds up in his liver, causing it to swell. Symptoms of hepatic lipidosis include refusing to eat, vomiting, weight loss, lethargy, and jaundice. Your kitty may have a yellowish look to the whites of his eyes, his gums, and the insides of his ears.



Trying to get him to eat is essential. Your vet may have to put in a feeding tube if he won't eat anything. While this condition is usually fatal if it's not treated, most kitties do recover after tube feeding.



Vomiting and diarrhea and other stomach upsets are common with diabetic kitties. Pancreatitis, which is a painful inflammation of the pancreas, can lead to maldigestion syndrome. In this condition, the pancreas doesn't produce enough digestive enzymes. Your kitty can't digest the food he eats, and he can starve, even though he's eating.



Your buddy is more prone to infections, too. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, and UTIs that keep coming back can be a sign that your buddy's blood sugar levels are too high.



Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, can be very dangerous. It's usually caused by an overdose of insulin. This can happen if he's skipped a meal or threw up after you gave him insulin. Hypoglycemia can also be caused by extra exercise, too.



Low blood sugar may cause your furball to become weak and listless, start drooling, and lose his coordination. He may have convulsions or go into a coma, which can be fatal. Feed him right away, and if he can't swallow, rub some corn syrup on his gums. Don't put your fingers in his mouth if he's having seizures!



To avoid complications, it's important to establish a routine with your furry friend. He needs to eat the same amount of food every day at the same time. Try to avoid making big changes in the amount of exercise he gets. Be sure he get the same dose of insulin at the same time each day too.

Complications of Canine Diabetes

When your dog has been diagnosed with canine diabetes, it is only natural to want to know all you can about this disease. There is no cure, but treatments can help keep your dog with you for years to come. Learning about complications of canine diabetes that can occur is an important way to prevent disaster.



One of the most common complications of canine diabetes is an increased vulnerability to illness and infection. Because of the higher blood sugar levels in your dog, bacteria have a great opportunity; the sugars provide food and breeding grounds optimal for infections. On the flip side, the higher bacteria count produces more sugars (from cellular division) and raise blood sugar levels even higher. The common types of infection are prostrate, urinary tract, and skin.



Three more of the possible complications of canine diabetes is cataracts, glaucoma, and uveitis. Cataracts usually develop within a year as a result of the high glucose levels and are a cloudy to white coloring in the eyes lenses. Cataract surgery can reverse these complications of canine diabetes so that your dog can see again. Glaucoma is a permanent loss of vision as a result of cataracts and is a leakage of protein from the lens into the eye itself. It must be treated immediately, or uveitis progresses into full glaucoma.



Diabetic neuropathy is one of the complications of canine diabetes that leads to a diabetes diagnosis. This condition occurs when your dogs back legs become weak. It may start small, as in a sluggish start or not wanting too run. Full progression can look as if your dog is about to start dragging his legs behind him.



Diabetic ketoacidosis is one of the most severe and dangerous complications of canine diabetes. Most commonly found in dogs with a delayed diagnosis, ketoacidosis causes a break down of your dogs vital organs like the kidneys and liver, as a result of sugar levels staying too high for too long. Ketoacidosis can also lead to permanent blindness without cataracts or glaucoma as the damage continues to include the eyes.

Signs of Diabetes - Diagnose Early to Avoid Major Complications

Diabetes is chronic in nature only treatment can be given there is no proper cure for it. The signs and symptoms for diabetes develop very slowly and steadily but when they become more severe they lead to serious other complications. The main symptoms and signs of diabetes are



ท Increased thirst



ท Increase in appetite or excessive hunger



ท Increased urination, during night times



ท Weight loss or gain which is unexplained



ท Blurred or unclear vision



ท Sores and wounds that do not heal



ท Dry itchy skin



In more complicated cases diabetes leads



ท Blindness



ท Kidney failure



ท Nerve damage and



ท Micro vascular and macro vascular diseases.



ท Micro vascular disease are related to small blood vessels.



ท Macro vascular diseases are related to arteries i.e. hardening of arteries and narrowing them and leading to strokes, heart attacks.



Diabetes is mainly classified into two types i.e. type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is mainly due to halt in production of insulin which is due to autoimmune system of the body, it destroys the beta cells of the pancreas which are responsible for secretion for insulin. Type 1 diabetes is also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus because insulin is a must dose over here. It is also by name Juvenile diabetes because it is more common among young adult and teenagers.



Diabetes type 2 is due to low production of insulin or the receptors of the cells not reacting with the insulin produced. This condition is known as insulin resistance. Here the body secretes more and more insulin rigorously and so it develops a resistance by itself.



The good news about diabetes is that it can be controlled or maintained naturally by taking well balanced diet, doing regular exercise.



Balanced diet in the sense diet should be rich in nutrition. For diabetes diet rich in fiber is recommended. Examples of diet rich in fiber are carrot, broccoli, peas, beans, apples, bananas, apricot, dates.

Complications of the Diabetic Foot

People with diabetes are at a high risk for both problems of the feet and amputations which are a direct result of angiopathy, neuropathy, and infection. Anyone with diabetes is at a high risk for an amputation of a lower extremity but those who have had diabetes for 10 or more years, are male, have poor glucose control, or have some form of cardiovascular, retinal, or renal problems are at an even greater risk of diabetic foot problems.



Arteriosclerosis is the primary reason that people with diabetes experience vascular changes in their lower extremities. Diabetes induced arteriosclerosis tends to occur at an earlier age, occurs equally in males and females, is usually bilateral, and progresses more rapidly. The blood vessels below the knee are the most likely do be affected. The large, medium, and small arteries of the lower legs and feet are all affected by blockages. Multiple occlusions with decreased blood flow result in the manifestations of peripheral vascular disease.



There are multiple problems associated with diabetic neuropathy of the foot. Diabetics who have some sort of foot trauma may not be aware that they have hurt themselves because their sense of touch and perception of pain no longer exists. The diabetic is thus at an increased risk for tissue trauma to the feet which can lead to ulcer development. This traumatized or ulcerated tissue is at a high risk to develop an infection.



There are many potential sources of diabetic foot trauma but the most common ones are cracks and fissures caused by dry skin, or infections caused by athlete's foot, blisters caused by improperly fitting shoes, pressure from socks, stocking or shoes, ingrown toenails, and direct trauma. The problem for people with diabetic neuropathy is that once they lose the perception of pain they become unaware that these types of injuries have occurred. They will also begin to dissociate from or ignore the affected body part, so that an injury will go unattended for days or even weeks. If the neuropathy is severe enough the injury may be completely forgotten.



A superficial skin ulcer is the first step for a developing skin lesion. Given enough time and left untreated the ulcer will extend deeper into the muscle and bone, leading to abscesses or osteomyelitis. Gangrene can develop in the toes; if this is not treated the whole foot will eventually become gangrenous leaving no option but to amputate the toes or foot.

Diabetes Foot Complications

Diabetic Foot is the most dreaded complication of any diabetic patient. What is this Diabetic foot? Why is the foot so important for a diabetic? Now the extremities are used for locomotion. To assist in the motility and to carry out the instructions from the brain, the extremities are provided with a dense and well connected network of nerves.



Diabetes when complicated or when blood sugar levels are not properly maintained for long periods of time can cause destruction or dysfunction of these nerves. This can cause reduced sensations and even reduced blood supply to the lower extremities. Obesity usually accompanies Diabetes. This in turn can cause an excessive strain on the loco motor system.



The lack of sensation in the soles and feet can be very dangerous for the diabetic patient. They may not be able detect or sense injuries or wounds on the soles or feet. The wound healing and skin regeneration is markedly disordered in diabetics, so even a slight wound can suppurate and go on to sepsis or even cellulitis. This cellulitis if uncontrolled can lead to Gangrene necessitating Amputation.



Patients must be counseled by their physicians to be aware of these problems. They must be encouraged to take extreme care of their feet. Always wash the feet with a mild soap or antiseptic solution. Never leave the feet wet, because fungal infections thrive in damp areas. Pat dry the feet with a soft towel. Shoes should be selected with utmost care. Always wear socks inside shoes. Open shoes are a strict no for these patients. Even the tiniest wound should be immediately attended to. Nails should be trimmed regularly. Never allow them to in grow into the nail bed. Always check shoes before putting them on. Even tiny particles or gravel can irritate the skin and lead to infections.

The Long-Term Complications of Diabetes

Diabetes is a condition known as having a higher than normal blood glucose in the body. When insulin was discovered in 1922 it was then thought to be a cure for diabetes. However, it was realised that over a long period of time it could lead to stiffening of the blood vessels and reduction in oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. There is no cure but only prevention of complications.These long-term complications include heart attacks, stroke, poor circulation in the legs, problems with the eyes, kidney and nerves.



Heart Attack and Stroke



This is a complication of enlarged vessels known as Atherosclerosis. Deposits of fats and fibrous tissue in the vessel's walls can build up and sometimes lead to rupture or damage. This can be slowed by reduced intake of cholesterol, stopped smoking, reducing blood pressure and adopting a healthy lifestyle.



Smoking is very addictive and carries with it an additional risk of cancer. It kills one out of every two who smoke and takes away 10 years of life expectancy. It only exacerbate the condition of diabetes. One of the signs of stiffening of blood vessels is an increase in blood pressure. High blood pressure can cause the blood vessel to burst ( stroke ) and damage organs over the years especially true of the kidney.



Blood fats - cholesterol and triglycerides levels are important indicators for the control and prevention of diabetes. Cholesterol itself are classified as HDL ( high-density lipoprotein ) and LDL ( low-density lipoprotein ). Ideally, one should have a HDL of 1.2mmol and LDL of 3.5 or lower. High triglycerides increase the risk of atherosclerosis development and it is advisable to keep in the range below 1.5mmol/l.



The heart is the blood pump of the body. It needs a blood supply of its own to provide its muscle cells with oxygen and energy. There are three main vessels that supply the heart and any narrowing or damage of these vessels will cause a starvation of oxygen in the heart muscle. This is painful and is called angina. Over a long period this will result in heart attack. Angina produces a feeling of tightness in the chest. Heart attacks are usually more severe chest pain, breathlessness, sweating and pain spreading to the neck, jaw or down the left arm.



Transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) are temporary interruptions of blood supply to part of the brain. Symptoms include severe headache, numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, difficulty in talking or swallowing, confusion or difficulty in talking, change or loss of vision in one or both eyes or dizziness or difficulty in co-ordination.A stroke is a result of permanent damage to areas of the brain by a reduction or stoppage in blood supply.



Nerve Damage ( Neuropathy )



Foot problems are associated with diabetes because it causes nerve damage and poor circulation. There are three types of nerve damage- sensory, autonomic and motor.



Sensory nerve damage or also known as a gradual loss of sensation to temperature, pain, pressure, vibration or positioning of the foot.Some may feel a tightness and stiffness of the skin and in more acute cases a painless feet failed to detect a sensation stepping on a nail or a cut by a sharp object.



Autonomic nerve damage are nerves that control the function of sweating. It will result in dry skin and loss of its elasticity- splitting and cracking of skin. Motor nerve damage is the third set of nerves that control the movement through muscles. It will lead to wasting of muscles and an alteration of the foot leading to deformity.



Eyes - Retinopathy



High levels of blood glucose found in diabetic patients can result in the narrowing or blockage of the vessels at the back of the eye. If left unchecked will lead to vessel rupture of the eyeballs and may result in loss of vision.



Kidneys - Nephropathy



It is a medical term for kidney ( renal ) disease. The kidney functions as a filter to capture the glucose, salts and other watery components of the blood and what is left is the urine which then passes out from the kidneys to the bladder. If excess glucose is present in the kidneys it will become less effective as a filter and that will result in protein leak. Typical symptoms are tiredness, nausea and loss of appetite, itchy skin and swelling of ankles, hands and eyelids.



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Describing Diabetes and Its Complications

Diabetes is a condition that many don't understand, including those who have been diagnosed with it. That lack of knowledge can lead to a host of complications. We will go so far as to say diabetes can be fatal. It is important to learn everything you can to take care of yourself when you are diagnosed with diabetes.



What is Diabetes?



In simple terms, diabetes is the imbalance of blood sugar in the body that throws the metabolic process into chaos. The body uses sugar, called glucose, for fuel. This fuel is used by the cells for their processes as well as to keep you moving. Burning glucose is the reason you are able to do all that you do during the day without simply dropping from sheer exhaustion. You usually can save that for the end of the day!



Carbohydrates are broken down by the body and glucose is released through the intestinal tract. The liver picks it up and stores it as glycogen until it is needed. The glucose that makes it into the bloodstream stays there waiting to be used.



The pancreas secretes a hormone called insulin that acts as a carrier for glucose.Insulin moves into the bloodstream and bonds with the glucose, carrying it to cells where it is needed. The cells allow the glucose in because it likes insulin and allows it to attach to it and release its precious cargo.



With diabetes, the body either doesn't make enough insulin or the cells have developed sensitivity to it and won't allow it to bind to the surface. In both cases, blood sugar rises to dangerous levels, causing several reactions, once which diabetes sufferers notice right away - fatigue from the lack of proper fuel.



Carbohydrates, Weight, and Complications



It seems we have a love-hate relationship with carbohydrates. We love to eat them but we hate the way certain ones can make our body look. We might as well glue those muffins to our waistline.



Obesity is one of the risk factors for diabetes. However, it's important to note that it's not just the extra weight itself, but what we ate to get that extra weight. Eating carbohydrates, like breads and muffins, and other sugars causes the blood sugar to rise significantly. Remember, carbohydrates turn into sugar in the body. Keep this high carbohydrate and sugary diet up, and over time your body may not be able to produce enough insulin to counteract all of the sugar you are taking in. That can lead to a diagnosis of diabetes and future complications if you are not careful.



High levels of blood sugar can affect a variety of systems in the body. For example, these high levels of sugar can damage your nerves which is a common complication of diabetes. Damaged nerves can result in losing the feeling in the hands and feet. This nerve damage has been known to cause injury by burning on a stove, or stepping on a sharp object where the person couldn't even feel the pain until the injury was very severe. The resulting injury may take a long time to heal, another complication caused by a diabetic condition. Sadly, these injuries can lead to very serious conditions such as gangrene, and even amputation.



The complications of diabetes can also affect the kidneys. You may urinate more frequently as the body tries to rid itself of excess sugars through the urine. The kidneys are trying to handle this bombardment of sugar; a task the kidneys were not designed to do.



Your entire body can be thrown out of whack by diabetes, especially when it is uncontrolled. Refuse to be uninformed. If you are diagnosed with diabetes, ask your doctor to help you manage it to avoid dangerous complications.